Ebook Free The Little Prover (The MIT Press)

Ebook Free The Little Prover (The MIT Press)

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The Little Prover (The MIT Press)

Ebook Free The Little Prover (The MIT Press)

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Review

Computational theorem proving is so useful, effective, and important that its advocates present it in economic terms: about preventing costly errors in software and protocols. What gets lost is just how much fun it can be. Friedman and Eastlund, two jolly characters, eschew talk of bugs and bombs, and strip it to its essence as only a Little book can. Want proof? Look inside!―Shriram Krishnamurthi, Professor of Computer Science, Brown UniversityWhat can you learn about a program without actually running it? What can you know by reading the code? In the grand tradition of The Little LISPer and The Little Schemer, Dan Friedman and Carl Eastlund elegantly present small programs that contain big ideas, but now also show how to prove claims about their behavior. The question-and-answer format makes it surprisingly easy to learn and master inductive proof techniques―it's like eating peanuts! Don't overlook the concise and elegant code for the J-Bob proof assistant itself, tucked in the back. The Little Prover is a marvelous introduction to the program proof techniques used in such tools as ACL2, Isabelle, and Coq.―Guy L. Steele Jr., Software Architect, Oracle Labs, coinventor of the Scheme language, and coauthor of Common LISP: The LanguageFriedman and Eastlund's The Little Prover is a gentle introduction to the nuts and bolts of formal proofs about programs. Following on from The Little Schemer, it is an excellent guide for both thoughtful functional programmers wondering what it really means to know that a program is correct and do-it-yourselfers who want a taste of how proof assistants like ACL2 do their work. Bring your sense of humor and your thinking cap!―Benjamin C. Pierce, Henry Salvatori Professor of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania

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About the Author

Daniel P. Friedman is Professor of Computer Science in the School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering at Indiana University and is the author of many books published by the MIT Press, including The Little Schemer and The Seasoned Schemer (with Matthias Felleisen); The Little Prover (with Carl Eastlund); and The Reasoned Schemer (with William E. Byrd, Oleg Kiselyov, and Jason Hemann).

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Product details

Series: The MIT Press

Paperback: 248 pages

Publisher: The MIT Press; 1 edition (July 10, 2015)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0262527952

ISBN-13: 978-0262527958

Product Dimensions:

7 x 0.6 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.8 out of 5 stars

7 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#163,860 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

if your software is "correct" (whatever the hell that means) ? Usually you don't. If you care, you might say "it has passed every test I could think of, and had time to perform."This is not enough. The only way to prove (yep, prove) that your software is correct is to turn your program into a theorem, and prove the theorem. This approach is called Hoare Logic, after Tony Hoare. If you do not know who Tony is, go find out, before you write another program.Anyway, this text is an introduction to a proof assistant, a software tool to help you prove theorems. You hate proving theorems. I hate proving theorems. If I liked proving theorems, I would be a Mathematician. I am a Mathematician, and I hate proving theorems. Which is why I wrote software for a living, instead of proving theorems. Now I need to prove theorems to show my software works. I should have been a Physicist.

A worthy continuation ( ;-) ) of the series... looking forward to playing with this using my new Scheme.

The Little Prover is a great introduction to computation logic. I really enjoy it because of its format, its pacing, and its ability to explain core concepts in mathematics and computer programming.I like The Little Prover's question-and-answer format. It encourages me to write and understand proofs for myself, because the format explains the steps when I get stuck, and it helps me understand the significance of the steps when I succeed.The Little Prover was very well paced. More complicated proofs are introduced at a rate that keeps them challenging and interesting but never impossible.The way The Little Prover covers computational logic means I am able to relate it to my A-Level standard knowledge of proof in mathematics (A-Levels are the English equivalent of American high school). The book doesn't just show you how to use a computer program to do certain things, but relates what you're doing to concepts like inductive proof and recursion.The format of The Little Prover is very similar to the other books in the Little series such as The Little Schemer. I highly recommend those too. The Little Prover also contains many ideas found in How to Design Programs (HtDP). For example the programs in The Little Prover clearly all use design recipes from HtDP and concepts such as natural recursion are mentioned in both HtDP and The Little Prover.

Disclaimer: I was a tech reviewer for this book.Ever since computer programming was invented, bugs have been the bane of every programmer's existence. But does it have to be that way? What if we could prove our programs correct? Computer-aided theorem proving applied to proving programs correct has a long and rich history, and its use has accelerated greatly over the past decade. I believe that this will be a foundational subject for the next generation of programmers, as the type systems for existing languages reach their limits and are replaced by richer type systems which require theorem provers as an integral part of the programming process. (Languages/environments like Agda, Coq, and Idris are exploring this space already.) The Little Prover is a very accessible introduction to theorem proving; if you understand the first few chapters of The Little Schemer (and are willing to work!) you will be able to follow The Little Prover. In addition, the material is fascinating in its own right and will be worthwhile reading as brain food for programmers looking for a new challenge (much like the other "Little" books that Friedman et al have written). However, don't confuse "accessible" with "easy". Compared to a lot of modern proof assistant software like Coq, the proofs are quite manual and require a lot of user guidance. This is actually advantageous in a book like this, because you see every step and never have to wonder how we got from point A to point B (plus the authors are doing all the hard work; you just have to follow along!). The authors also provide a downloadable proof assistant which is extremely helpful when the proofs get sufficiently complex, and they list all the proofs in their final form in the back of the book.I suspect that for most readers, the biggest conceptual hurdle will not be the material presented but just wrapping your head around the very notion that programs are something that can be reasoned about rigorously and that it is in fact possible to prove things about them. This is not the way we have been taught to think about programming, and it's not the way that programming is currently done. But it is the way that programming will have to be done in the future if we ever want to dig ourselves out of the swamp of perpetually-buggy software, and this book is an excellent starting point for learning about theorem proving in software. If you make it all the way to the end, I think you will be "proof-infected" and this will not be the last book on theorem proving that you read!

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Download PDF Perspectives on Culture: A Critical Introduction to Theory in Cultural AnthropologyBy Homayun Sidky

Download PDF Perspectives on Culture: A Critical Introduction to Theory in Cultural AnthropologyBy Homayun Sidky

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Perspectives on Culture: A Critical Introduction to Theory in Cultural AnthropologyBy Homayun Sidky

Download PDF Perspectives on Culture: A Critical Introduction to Theory in Cultural AnthropologyBy Homayun Sidky

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This book provides a critical introduction to theory in cultural anthropology—from the perspective of the philosophy of science. It imparts the analytical skills needed to assess the often contradictory claims to knowledge and theoretical perspectives encountered in the study of general anthropology. KEY TOPICS Chapter topics cover science and anthropology: epistemological questions, evolutionism and the beginnings of anthropology during the nineteenth century, the Diffusionists, historical particularism, functionalism and modern anthropology, structural-functionalism, French structuralism, ethnoscience and cognitive anthropology, symbolic anthropology and the interpretation of culture, scientific anthropology, materialist and Marxist anthropology, postmodern anthropology, and anthropology in the 21st century. For individuals seeking reliable, valid knowledge about humankind, human behavior, and the evolution and operation of sociocultural systems.

• Sales Rank: #930238 in Books
• Published on: 2004-01-09
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.20" w x 6.90" l, 1.67 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 531 pages

From the Back Cover

This book provides a critical introduction to theory in cultural anthropology—from the perspective of the philosophy of science. It imparts the analytical skills needed to assess the often contradictory claims to knowledge and theoretical perspectives encountered in the study of general anthropology.KEY TOPICSChapter topics cover science and anthropology: epistemological questions, evolutionism and the beginnings of anthropology during the nineteenth century, the Diffusionists, historical particularism, functionalism and modern anthropology, structural-functionalism, French structuralism, ethnoscience and cognitive anthropology, symbolic anthropology and the interpretation of culture, scientific anthropology, materialist and Marxist anthropology, postmodern anthropology, and anthropology in the 21st century.For individuals seeking reliable, valid knowledge about humankind, human behavior, and the evolution and operation of sociocultural systems.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

This book provides a critical introduction to theory in cultural anthropology from the perspective of the philosophy of science. Anthropological paradigms are assessed in terms of their central assumptions, the kind of knowledge or understanding they yield, and how closely those understandings approach the anthropological goal of obtaining reliable, objectively valid knowledge about humankind, human behavior, and the evolution and operation of sociocultural systems.

In my discussion of anthropological theory 1 take an historical approach This is indispensable because new theoretical perspectives often continue to utilize ideas, concepts, and analytical categories that were part of the paradigms that were displaced (cf. Orlove 1980: 237). New paradigms are molded by a dialectical relationship with earlier paradigms that affect the manner in which their epistemological and theoretical principles are expressed (cf. Barren 1984; Erickson and Murphy 2001: xi; McGee and Warms 2000: 2). A continual dialogue exists between past and present perspectives and often what seems new, upon close scrutiny, turns out to be a reformulation of previously worked out ideas and approaches. For this reason, rejecting "disciplinary origins and traditions" (Marcus 1992: viii-ix), as some anthropologists have done, is a particularly egregious blunder. Those who do so are condemned to repeat past errors.

There is much that we can learn from the efforts of the anthropologists who lived and worked over the course of the last one hundred years. Their works were full of flaws, but they do not deserve blanket condemnation. These works require critical analysis, not sweeping denigration and dismissal. We can learn from our predecessors' ideas, debates, mistakes, and successes, and insights may be gained from the problems and cultural puzzles they chose to tackle.

Numerous examples of such anthropological puzzles are presented throughout this book in order to illustrate the various theoretical operations associated with particular research strategies and to familiarize the reader with key anthropological concepts and ideas. One learns how to assess different claims to knowledge by systematically working through them. Present-day anthropological findings that have a bearing upon the problems that engaged earlier researchers are included at various points in the discussion. This will allow the reader to gain familiarity with contemporary anthropological thinking on the topics and issues that preoccupied our predecessors.

The primary objectives of this book are threefold:

To familiarize the reader with anthropological knowledge and a range of theoretical perspectives developed over the course of the last one hundred and twenty years

To introduce readers to epistemology, the branch of inquiry that deals with the nature and the sources of knowledge

To enable readers to develop the analytical skills necessary to assess competing theoretical perspectives, to critically evaluate different claims to knowledge, and to be able to distinguish between scientific, pseudoscientific, and nonscientific accounts of sociocultural phenomena

Without the ability to evaluate different kinds of knowledge, students of anthropology are ill equipped in their efforts to assess the often contradictory claims and conflicting accounts of the world that they will encounter in the course of their studies. Such an understanding is especially needed at the present when American anthropology is in a state of disarray as a result of the "culture wars" between exponents of scientific anthropology, who are striving to build increasingly more accurate empirical understandings of the world, and cultural constructionists, other wise glossed as postmodern interpretive anthropologists, who are absorbed with thick descriptions and the pursuit of discourses immune to appraisal or validation.

This book teaches students the valuable lesson that "the problem of knowledge" is not insoluble. The critical conceptual tools are already there for anyone who wishes to use them. Obtaining reliable understandings of the world is not easy, but it can be done.

I would like to thank the following colleagues who reviewed this work in manuscript form for their thoughtful comments and suggestions: E. Paul Durrenberger, Pennsylvania State University; Ratimaya Bush, Wright State University; Barry A. Kass, Orange County Community College, State University of New York; Charles Harper, Creighton University; James G. Flanagan, University of Southern Mississippi; Mark Moberg, University of Southern Alabama; and Geraldine Gamburd, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth.

H. Sidky
Miami University

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